Manu National Park –
Manu National Park – Fitzcarrald: Created in an area of 1973 hectares 1’716.295, it stands as one of Peru’s oldest national parks. It is also the second largest in Madre de Dios, following Purus. This park, primarily situated in Madre de Dios, is also shared with Cusco. It’s divided into three distinct ecological zones: low Selva (Fitzcarrald – Manu –
Mother of God) High Andes, High Jungle or Ceja de selva (- – Paucartambo Cusco Kosñipata), resulting in varying climates, ranging from cold and dry to warm and humid.
Research has studied the animals, plants, and ecology of different forest types within the park. This research unveiled an array of wildlife within the jungle, including over 1000 bird species (10% of the world’s total), such as the iconic cock of rocks (Peru’s national bird), and the rare lowland harpy eagle, jabiru, pink spoonbill, wild goose, and
27 colorful macaw species. Additionally, more than 200 mammal species have been identified, with over 100 species of bats, as well as the woolly monkey, black spider monkey, giant otter, jaguar, ocelot, Andean bear glasses, and taruca.
Entering the Manu National Park requires a permit issued by the Cusco office and payment for entry. Travel through
accredited tour operators, such as SANDOVAL LAKE, is also necessary. Tourists are allowed in specific areas, including Rio Manu and petroglyphs Pusharo in Madre de Dios, and cloud forest and Detrés Andes Gold Crosses in Cusco.
To access the Protected Natural Areas (Parks and Reserves Manu – Tambopata – Lake Sandoval), the following must be done:
Order an entry permit in advance from the office of a Natural Protected Area, such as Manu National Park, Tambopata Reserve, or Lake Sandoval Reserve. Have a DIRCETUR-accredited guide for every 10 people. Ensure the necessary entry tickets are obtained. (The tour operator, like SANDOVAL LAKE, is responsible for this procedure.)
Reference – Park Access:
Date added: May 29, 1973
Extension: 1717295.22 hectares
Altitudinal range: 250-4050 m
Temperature: 10 ° C to 35 ° C
Rainy season: January to March
The park is located in the southeastern region of Peru between Cusco (provinces of Paucartambo and Pilcopata) and Madre de Dios (provinces of Fitzcarrald and Manu). It encompasses the entire Manu River basin.
Discover the Wonders of Manu National Park: A Hidden Paradise in the Heart of Peru
Located in the pristine wilderness of southwestern Peru, Manu National Park is a must-visit destination for adventure seekers and nature lovers alike. Nestled in the regions of Madre de Dios and Cusco, this UNESCO-listed Biosphere Reserve spans across nearly 1.9 million hectares and is home to some of the world’s most biodiverse
ecosystems. From lush rainforests to rugged mountain peaks, Manu offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in nature’s untouched beauty.
Unveiling the Layers of Manu National Park
Manu National Park is divided into three distinct zones:
The National Park (1,532,806 hectares): The heart of the reserve, this area is a haven for wildlife and home to unique species like the giant river otter, jaguar, and the endangered spectacled bear.
The Reserved Zone (257,000 hectares): A protected area that preserves some of the most biologically diverse environments, perfect for those seeking a more intimate experience with nature.
The Cultural Transition Zone (120,000 hectares): Where the natural world meets human history, this zone allows for cultural interactions with indigenous communities living in harmony with the land.
A Journey Through Diverse Landscapes
Manu’s breathtaking landscapes range from the lowland rainforest at 300 meters above sea level, near the
confluence of the Manu and Alto Madre de Dios Rivers, to the high-altitude 3,800 meters at the summit of Apu Kañahuay.
This remarkable variation in elevation supports an incredible variety of flora and fauna, making it a paradise for bird watchers, wildlife enthusiasts, and photographers.
The Lost City of the Incas?
Among the many mysteries surrounding Manu, some believe that the legendary Païtiti – the lost city of the Incas – may lie hidden within its virgin landscapes. For explorers and history buffs, the thought of uncovering ancient secrets adds an aura of intrigue to the park’s already captivating allure.
Why Visit Manu National Park?
Unmatched Biodiversity: With over 1,000 species of birds, hundreds of mammals, and countless plants, Manu is one of the most biodiverse places on the planet.
Adventure Awaits: Trek through jungles, ascend the high Andes, and navigate the Manu River—each moment brings new excitement and discovery.
Eco-Tourism at Its Best: The park’s commitment to sustainability and conservation ensures that your visit
supports the protection of this extraordinary natural wonder.
Whether you’re hiking through the rainforest, observing fascinating wildlife, or simply marveling at the stunning
landscapes, Manu National Park is a once-in-a-lifetime destination that should be at the top of any traveler’s bucket list.
The Creation of Manu National Park: A Legacy of Conservation and Discovery
In 1967, a visionary initiative by Celestino Kalinowski, the son of a renowned Polish naturalist who arrived in Peru in 1887, sparked the movement to protect one of the world’s most biodiverse regions. Kalinowski, alongside British
advisor Ian Grimwood, presented a compelling case for the establishment of Manu National Park. This recommendation, backed by scientific reports, led to the creation of a protected area in the heart of Manu, Peru.
A Landmark Decision for Conservation
In 1968, the Manu region was first declared a National Forest as part of efforts to preserve its natural richness. However, it wasn’t until May 29, 1973, that the Peruvian government officially established Manu National Park by
Supreme Decree 0644-73-AG. This landmark decree aimed to safeguard the park’s exceptional natural and cultural heritage, ensuring its protection for future generations.
UNESCO Recognition: A Global Treasure
The significance of Manu National Park goes beyond national borders. Recognized by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve, Manu covers an astonishing 1,881,200 hectares (18,812 square kilometers) in the provinces of Paucartambo (Cusco) and Manu (Madre de Dios). This recognition highlights the park’s global importance as one of the most biodiverse places on Earth.
Strategically Defined Boundaries
The boundaries of Manu National Park were carefully designed to protect its natural integrity. The park’s borders were drawn using natural boundaries such as rivers and tributaries, ensuring the preservation of its unique ecosystems. However, a critical challenge arose along the Manu River, where the park’s boundary stops at the confluence with the Panahua River, due to the presence of oil exploration activities in the area.
Why Manu National Park Matters
Biodiversity Hotspot: Manu is home to thousands of species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth, making it a must-visit for nature enthusiasts and conservationists.
Cultural and Natural Heritage: The park preserves not only the natural environment but also the traditions of indigenous communities that have lived in harmony with the land for centuries.
Ecotourism at Its Best: The park’s commitment to sustainable tourism ensures that visitors can enjoy its wonders while supporting ongoing conservation efforts.
Explore the Diverse Zones of Manu National Park: A Thrilling Journey Through Peru’s Biodiversity
Manu National Park is a natural wonderland, home to a wide range of ecosystems and cultures. Spanning across 1.88 million hectares of protected land, the park is divided into three distinct zones, each offering unique experiences
for travelers, researchers, and nature enthusiasts alike. Whether you’re a wildlife lover, an eco-tourist, or a cultural explorer, Manu National Park has something unforgettable in store for you.
The Nucleo Zone: A Sanctuary for Research and Conservation
The Nucleo Zone, also known as the Manu National Park area, is dedicated to the highest level of protection. This zone is off-limits to tourists, except for special permission visits granted for scientific research. It is a vital area for studying the natural processes and biodiversity of the region in its untouched state. The Cocha Cashu Biological
Station, located within this zone, is one of the most important research centers dedicated to tropical forests and wildlife.
This pristine area is home to native Amazonian populations, including several indigenous ethnic groups who have lived in harmony with the land for centuries. The estimated population here is around 1,000 indigenous people, with a small community of about 200 Quechua people residing in the nearby Callanga area.
The Reserved Zone:
A Natural Wonderland for Eco-Tourism and Research
The Reserved Zone of Manu National Park stretches along the lower Manu River, offering an ideal destination for
eco-tourism and nature research. In this area, guided tours organized by authorized agencies are permitted, where visitors can experience the park’s incredible natural beauty. The meandering rivers and lakes provide a rich
environment for wildlife, with an abundance of flora and fauna visible from the water. Visitors can explore the diverse landscapes while observing native wildlife in their natural habitat.
Although tourist visits are controlled in this zone, it remains one of the best places to see the wildlife that makes Manu one of the most biodiverse places on Earth. The zone extends from the Panagua River to Boca Manu,
offering spectacular views and thrilling encounters with wildlife, including giant river otters, capybaras, and a variety of bird species.
The Cultural Zone:
A Blend of Nature and Indigenous Traditions
The Cultural Zone encompasses the basin of the Alto Madre de Dios River and the surrounding Andean territories, marking the southern boundary of the reserve.
This area serves as a bridge between the rich natural environment and the human cultures that have lived there for centuries. It is home to settler populations who engage in agriculture, livestock, and forestry, contributing to the park’s dynamic cultural landscape.
In this area, basic infrastructure such as health and education services is gradually developing. Visitors can engage in environmental activities and cultural exchanges, learning from the traditions of indigenous communities while
supporting the ongoing conservation efforts in the region. The Mapacho River acts as the dividing line between this zone and the more protected areas of the park.
Surrounding Areas: Expanding the Conservation Effort
Beyond the core zones of Manu National Park, there are several surrounding areas that contribute to the overall protection of the region. These include the State Territorial Lands for indigenous groups like the Kugapakori and Nahua, the Megantoni Sanctuary, and the Amarakaeri Reserved Zone.
Efforts are underway to expand these areas and integrate them into the Manu Biosphere Reserve, creating a larger
and more comprehensive conservation network. The basin of the Mapacho River is also being studied as part of this effort, further enhancing the reserve’s ecological integrity and its role as a global biodiversity hotspot.
Why Visit Manu National Park?
Unrivaled Biodiversity: With countless species of plants, animals, and birds, Manu is a dream destination for nature lovers, birdwatchers, and photographers.
Cultural Richness: Explore the traditions and ways of life of indigenous communities that have lived in harmony with the land for centuries.
Eco-Tourism Opportunities: Whether you’re observing wildlife, hiking through the rainforest, or engaging with local cultures, Manu offers unforgettable experiences in a sustainable and responsible manner.
Adventure Awaits: From navigating the meandering rivers to hiking through remote jungles, every corner of Manu offers an adventure that connects you to the wild heart of the Amazon.
Explore the Stunning Geography of Manu National Park: A Natural Wonder of Peru
Manu National Park, one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, offers an incredible range of ecosystems, each more captivating than the last. Stretching across 1.88 million hectares of land, the park is a sanctuary of lush forests,
towering mountains, and diverse wildlife. From the mist-covered cloud forests to the expansive Amazonian plains,
the geography of Manu is as diverse as the flora and fauna it protects. Discover the magic of Manu’s landscapes, each with its own unique charm and beauty.
The Grasslands: High Plateaus and Dramatic Climate
At the highest elevations of Manu, the grasslands stretch across the high plateaus, reaching up to 3,500 meters. This rugged terrain, with its dry air and fluctuating temperatures, offers a stark contrast to the humid lowlands.
Between September and April, temperatures range from a chilly -9°C to 22°C, with occasional snow or hailstorms. The landscape is a transition zone, known as the “wooded thicket” or “matorral boscoso”, which descends
to 2,600 meters. This area serves as the entry point to the cloud forests and boasts around 450 identified plant species. Rainfall in this zone ranges between 500 and 1,000 mm per year, supporting a diverse range of vegetation.
Montaña Baja: Cloud Forests and Misty Beauty
Descending from the high plateaus, the Montaña Baja (low mountain forests) stretches between 2,200 to 1,650 meters.
Here, the climate becomes cooler and more humid, with towering trees up to 25 meters tall. This area is rich in plant life, with lush orchids and ferns growing on the steep cliffs. The forest is densely packed, creating a stunning
cloud forest ecosystem. Characterized by its shadowy atmosphere and constant moisture, Montaña Baja is home to a remarkable variety of flora, including Araceae plants and tree ferns that thrive in this cool, misty environment.
The Rainy Montaña: Where Clouds Meet Forests
The Rainy Montaña forest, also known as the cloud forest, is a magical place nestled between 600 and 1,650 meters. Covered in a constant blanket of mist, this area exudes an ethereal charm, where towering trees rise up to 30
meters and are blanketed in vibrant orchids and ferns. Small streams and waterfalls wind through the dense undergrowth, adding to the enchanted atmosphere. The forest here is incredibly dense, with over 200 species of trees
and a staggering 700 trees per hectare. The temperature in this area fluctuates between 20°C and 25°C, with nights cooling to 16°C to 18°C, creating the perfect environment for the region’s unique biodiversity.
Tropical Humid Forest: The Heart of the Amazon
The Tropical Humid Forest, or lowland forest, is the most iconic and representative area of the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Spanning the vast Amazonian plain between 300 and 600 meters, this area is home to the park’s most
famous and diverse ecosystems. The towering trees here can exceed 60 meters in height, with Shihuahuaco (Dipteryx micrantha) and Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) standing as the giants of the forest. These colossal trees rise above the
canopy, with crowns reaching 50 meters in diameter. This area, intersected by meandering rivers, is rich in wildlife
and provides the ideal setting for the incredible biodiversity that defines Manu National Park.
Why the Geography of Manu National Park Is a Must-See
Dramatic Landscape Diversity: From the cool, misty cloud forests to the dense Amazonian lowlands, Manu’s geography offers a wide range of terrains that support unique ecosystems.
Unmatched Biodiversity: The various landscapes of Manu are home to thousands of plant and animal species, many of which can’t be found anywhere else on Earth.
Eco-Tourism Paradise: With its varied terrain and rich ecosystems, Manu offers adventure and discovery for travelers seeking to connect with nature in an untouched environment.
Discover the Unique Climate and Rich Culture of Manu National Park
Manu National Park, one of the world’s most biodiverse places, not only offers breathtaking landscapes but also a fascinating climate and a vibrant cultural scene. From lush rainforests to high-altitude plateaus, the park’s varied
climate plays a key role in sustaining its incredible ecosystems. The park is also home to a diverse range of indigenous peoples, each with rich cultural traditions, making it a truly unique destination.
The Climate of Manu National Park: A Year-Round Adventure
Manu National Park experiences a tropical climate that varies depending on the elevation, creating diverse weather patterns across the park. The rainy season (or low season) typically lasts from January to March, with frequent rains
nourishing the park’s lush ecosystems. However, rainfall can occur unexpectedly throughout the year, particularly in the lower regions, so visitors should always be prepared.
In the lowland areas, temperatures can soar as high as 35°C during the day, while at night they typically cool down to a more comfortable 25°C. The combination of humid lowlands and cooler high-altitude forests creates a dynamic
environment, offering different weather conditions depending on where you are in the park, ensuring an ever-changing adventure.
The Rich Culture and Diverse Communities of Manu National Park
Beyond its natural beauty, Manu National Park is a cultural haven. It is home to a variety of indigenous communities, each with unique traditions, languages, and ways of life. These communities have lived in harmony with the land for centuries, their rich cultural heritage interwoven with the park’s environment.
There are 30 rural communities in the region, many of which speak Quechua as their primary language. In addition to these communities, Manu is home to several Amazonian native groups who have inhabited the area for generations. These groups include the Matsiguenka, Amahuaca, Yine, Amarakaeri, Huashipaire, and Nahua, each
with their own distinct customs, languages, and spiritual practices. Some of these communities maintain little or no contact with the outside world, preserving ancient traditions and ways of life.
These indigenous peoples have a deep connection to the natural world, relying on their vast knowledge of the land
for gathering, hunting, fishing, and medicinal practices. Their religious rituals and cultural beliefs are deeply intertwined with the environment, further enhancing the cultural richness of Manu National Park.
Why Visit Manu National Park for its Climate and Culture?
Unpredictable Yet Enchanting Climate: Experience the beauty of Manu’s tropical rains or the sunny days in the lowlands. With varying microclimates, every visit promises a new adventure at any time of the year.
Cultural Immersion: Delve into the traditions of Quechua-speaking communities and the Amazonian groups that call Manu home. Learn about their spiritual beliefs, connection to nature, and unique ways of life.
Truly Unique Experiences: Whether you’re trekking through rainforests, discovering indigenous healing practices, or witnessing traditional ceremonies, Manu National Park offers an unforgettable blend of cultural and environmental experiences.
Discover the Extraordinary Flora and Fauna of Manu National Park: A Biodiversity Haven
Manu National Park, a hidden gem in the heart of the Amazon, stands as a testament to the planet’s extraordinary biodiversity and ecological richness. This UNESCO-listed Biosphere Reserve in Peru offers travelers an unmatched opportunity to explore one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. With its lush rainforests, winding rivers, and
vibrant wildlife, Manu is an adventurer’s dream come true. Get ready to immerse yourself in nature’s splendor, where every step unveils something awe-inspiring.
A Botanical Wonderland: Over 15,000 Plant Species
Manu National Park boasts an astonishing variety of plant life, home to over 15,000 species of plants. Its diversity rivals some of the most biologically rich places on the planet. The park spans across a range of ecological zones found
in the Amazon, making it a true botanical paradise. In fact, within just one hectare, you can find up to 250 different tree species—a clear indicator of the park’s thriving plant life.
A Wildlife Paradise: Encounter Rare and Fascinating Species
Manu National Park is not only a plant lover’s paradise but also a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The park’s dense rainforests are teeming with life, providing a sanctuary for over 20,000 plant species, 1,000 bird species, and a
variety of mammals, reptiles, and insects. Whether you’re an avid birdwatcher, wildlife photographer, or simply someone who loves exploring nature, Manu offers an unforgettable wildlife experience.
Mammals: 159 species, including the elusive jaguar, the playful giant river otter, and various species of monkeys. Notably, the Pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea), weighing just 100 grams, is the world’s smallest monkey.
Reptiles: With 99 species, Manu is home to colorful snakes, lizards, and other peculiar reptiles.
Amphibians: With 140 species of frogs and toads, Manu contributes significantly to the biodiversity of the Amazonian rainforests.
Birds: Over 1,000 bird species inhabit the park, making it a birdwatching paradise. Spot majestic harpy eagles, macaws, and a variety of toucan species in the lush canopy.
Fish: 210 fish species thrive in the park’s waterways, each adapted to the Amazon’s unique environment.
Insects: While some remain unclassified, Manu is home to 1307 butterfly species, 300 species of ants, 136 species of
dragonflies, and 650 species of bees, making it a hub for entomologists.
Why Visit Manu National Park for Flora and Fauna?
Unrivaled Biodiversity: Manu is home to over 20,000 plant species, 1,000 bird species, and an incredible array
of other animals, making it a premier destination for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.
Exclusive Wildlife Encounters: From the world’s smallest monkey to the majestic jaguar, Manu offers rare opportunities to witness fascinating wildlife in their natural habitat.
Eco-Tourism and Conservation: Visiting Manu supports sustainable tourism and conservation efforts that
protect this ecological treasure, helping ensure its preservation for future generations.
Experience the Wonders of Manu National Park
Whether you’re an experienced traveler or a first-time explorer, Manu National Park promises an adventure like no other.
Trek through dense rainforests, marvel at towering trees, and discover a wealth of alluring wildlife. The park’s rich
flora and fauna will leave you spellbound, providing memories and experiences that will last a lifetime.