Cocha Salvador Manu Park
Cocha Salvador Manu Park -The variety of life forms on earth, including genes, species and these interactions within ecosystems cocha salvador manu park , is known as biological diversity or biodiversity. There is now a recognition that the benefits that flow
from the array of services that biodiversity provides ecosystem level provide the basis of human environmental security and sustainability. In this sense, it is argued that the biodiversity of the land is fundamental to economic and
social development of mankind. The diversity of species and their interactions provide, among other things, food,
timber, fuel and medicine, along with a wide range of services, such as maintenance of the composition of the atmosphere, protection of watersheds and coastal areas, pollination our crops, biological pest control, maintenance
of soil fertility and the breakdown and recycling of waste. Also it provides facilities for activities of tourism, science and education.
Cocha Salvador Mnau Park .
despite its small land area (21040.79 square kilometers) and its high population density, maintains a significant biodiversity with good representation of ecosystems, species and genetic resources of regional and global
importance. They include, among others, the following types of vegetation: cloud forests, submontane, moors, seasonally saturated formation, pine forests, mangroves, ecotonal training, backpacks, wash and scrub. Similarly, the
country has a large number of wetlands, covering an estimated 113 835 hectares, representing 5.4% of the total area of the country. We have identified 59 inland wetlands and estuarine mangroves represented by saturated forests,
estuaries, intertidal, herbaceous swamps, shrub swamps, reeds and bulrushes, palm swamps, lagoons flood, no
crater lakes in depressions, ponds crater lakes crater,
natural lake located outside the crater and three reservoirs. Of these, mangrove wetlands are more land area, and shrubby bogs, flood groves, salt marshes and reed-licensees are underrepresented and the most threatened. The
country is divided into ten hydrographic regions, which have different types of rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Usually the country’s rivers are characterized by being located in mountain areas, in the northern mountains as the
mountains south. There are also rivers in the central plain of the territory, most of which drain into the north of the territory and are related to systems or reservoirs called “Fossils Lagos”. Systems of lakes and lagoons usually are
related to volcanological systems, some of them are considered active boilers.
Ecosystem Cocha salvador
Terrestrial ecosystems of Cocha Salvador Manu Park :
As mentioned above, due to its geographical position, latitude, complex geologic history and topography, Cocha Salvador Manu Park has a considerable wealth of ecosystems. There are different classifications of ecosystems,
being the first and most simple classification that identifies six major ecosystems: Tropical Dry Forest, Tropical
Rainforest, Rainforest Subtropical, Forest Very Humid Subtropical Wet Forest and Lower Montane Wet Forest Montano. The framework of the implementation of the Project for the Consolidation and Management of Protected
Areas of El Salvador MARN / PACAP has been able to develop a more recent work which has led to a more detailed classification and presented bajoMapa Ecosystem update the lake Salvador 2010. This map replaces and updates the
Map of Ecosystems made in the year de2001. Table 1 indicates that the update process resulted in changes in the
classification and it is likely that almost all forests are secondary. Most seasonal deciduous and evergreen forests of
the classification 2001 have been reclassified as deciduous forests.
Marine ecosystems of Cocha salvador Manu Park :
The main marine ecosystems in El Salvador include the pelagic environment, mangroves, sandy coastlines, rocky, the latter characterized by rocky platforms, rocks, boulders, and reefs. The pelagic environment is characterized by a
feature ocean waters with salinity between 33-35 parts per thousand; Mangroves occur in areas protected from the waves, characterized by soft bottoms mixture of fresh and salt water; Sandy bottoms facing the Pacific Ocean are
classically hydrodynamics, in which during the rainy season on the beach erosion occurs, and during the dry season, the beach back to its original morphology.
Lake wetland Salvador:
Lake Salvador houses a large variety of wetlands within the coastal area between the highest mountains and volcanoes. The total area covered by wetlands is estimated at 113 835 ha, which represents 5.4% of the total area of
the country. In this small portion of the national territory they have been identified 59 inland wetlands and estuarine mangroves represented by saturated forests, estuaries, intertidal, herbaceous swamps, shrub swamps, reeds and
bulrushes, palm swamps, lagoons flood, no crater lakes in depressions , crater lakes, crater lakes, a natural lake located outside the crater and three reservoirs (Jimenez et al. 2004). The country also has a marine wetland with
relatively well-defined limits as in the case of rocky reef Cóbanos.La The most wetlands in the country are located in
he coastal plain and the recent volcanic chain and are a key habitat for species of resident and migratory birds.
DESCRIPTION OF COCHA SALVADOR MANU PARK
LAKE COATEPEQUE:
The official name of this body of water is Lake Coatepeque (MARN, 2000). Mr. Ismael Rodriguez, local resident, said
that indigenously this lake has always been known as Lake Coatepeque, which in Nahuatl means Cerro Culebra
(Geographical Dictionary, 1995). According to the Glossary of PREPAC inventory methodology (2004), this body of water maintains its classification as a lake.
Around the lake they are located canton La Laguna, Yellow Flower, bananas, Potrerillos, San Jose Las Flores, Los Pinos, Montebello, San Marcelino Las Lajas and Los Planes. Lake Coatepeque is located in the southern part of the
Department of Santa Ana and north of the Department of Sonsonate, between the towns of El Congo, Santa Ana and Izalco, as shown in the figure on the right. The geographical coordinates in which it was georeferenced by the team
are: 13º 53 ‘16.5 “North Latitude and 89 ° 32’ 54” West Longitude.
Coatepeque physical data:
Due to its geographical location, the Lake Coatepeque lies within the life zone Sub-Tropical Rainforest (fresh), which constitutes 85.6% of the land area, which stretches from the volcanic chain to the coastal plains. The lower parts
have temperatures exceeding 30 ° C and rainfall ranges from 1400 mm to 2000 mm annually. Almost the whole area
of this area has been altered, with the consequent disappearance of natural forests (Reyna et al., 1996).
The Lake has 40.6 km2, the estimated water surface area is 24.5 km2, with a maximum depth of 80 m; located at an altitude of 740 m.s.n.m. (MARN, 2000; Pocasangre et al, 1988); Pocasangre et al. (1974) reports the following
environmental values: surface temperature of 23.1 to 24.9 ° C, average temperature of the bottom 22.6 ° C,
Transparency of water is from 8 to 9.5 m; Salinity of 0.0 to 0.5 g / l; Dissolved oxygen 8.1 mg / l, pH 7.7 to 8.4 and conductivity of 750-2250 micromhos / cm. According to Mr. Arlindo Didi Vargas, Provincial Fisheries Development
Centre Fisheries and Aquaculture (CENDEPESCA), fluctuating lake no land or tributaries.
Lake Güija:
Its official name is Lake Güija (MARN, 2000). According Geoffroy Rivas (1961) for Pipiles in language Nahuatl, this
lake was called “Huitzia Lake” – “Huitzi” which means hawthorn, “to” abundance “where the thorns abound” but the
impossibility of Spanish in pronouncing the word Nahuatl settlers, they called it Lake Guija. As a lake where a lot of
influence of the Mayan culture had also has a meaning in that language “Güija Lake” which means “waters
surrounded by hills” (MARN 2002, CEPRODE 2001). The CAC is located in the northwestern part of the Department of Santa Ana between the municipalities of San Antonio Pajonal and Metapan and extends to the Republic of
Guatemala, as shown in the figure below the CAC is surrounded by four corners. The team geographically referenced the lake between the coordinates: 14º 14 ‘11.0’ North Latitude and 89 ° 28 ‘34.6 “West Longitude.
According to the lawyer Leonardo Regalado, Salvadoran museologist, the lake has a very important cultural attribute
for the country, because it is an archaeological site where religious rituals performed both Mayan villages as Pipiles.
Currently the place is much visited for purposes of recreation and study, by the large number of petroglyphs carved by these pre-Columbian peoples. These petroglyphs show zoomorfitos, anthropomorphic and mixed motives and
date from the Late Classic period AD 600-1525.
Physical data Güija Lake:
Morphogenesis of this body of water was due to a lava flow released by volcanoes San Diego Vega Cane and Másatepeque, which hindered the natural courses of rivers and Angue Ostúa closing draining an entire valley, with
the consequent formation of the lake. Güija Lake, has three major tributaries, the river Angue in the municipality of
Metapan with a length of 45.0 km, the river Cuzmapa in the municipality of Santiago de la Frontera, San Antonio
Pajonal and Candelaria de la Frontera in the Department of Santa Ana; and Ostúa river which rises in Guatemala
and El Salvador is located in the municipality of Metapan. The last two runs in his final serve line between El Salvador and Guatemala.
The border between the two countries is determined
by a straight line between the peninsulas Tipa Afuera and La Barra. The lake water is poured into the main channel of the River Lempa River drainage through running a distance of 8 kilometers, and where the Central Hydroelectric
Guajoyo is located. In 1960, the river drainage was dug to a depth of 12 meters in order to supply water to a
hydroelectric plant. In 1961 this area were built in a plant and a dam (Montenegro, 1995 and Cardoza 2001).
Due to its geographical location, the lake is located in the area of tropical dry forest, which covers 0.8% of the territory; It is around this lake and lagoon of Metapan. Biotemperature is 24.2 ° C and average precipitation of 1,301
mm. This life zone is represented by an almost flat area around Lake Güija to small lava hills to the east, most soils in
these areas are quite dry clay waste. The dominant species are Palo cheese (Omphalea oleifera), Coal (Pithecolobium
mangens) and Mexican Jacaria among other species (Reyna et al., 1996).
LAKE ILOPANGO:
The official name is Lake Ilopango (MARN, 2000). His native name is Xilopango, meaning in Nahuatl language is
“Valley of the jilotes” or “place of hedges jilotes” comes from the voices: xilot (corn); pango (valley) (Geoffroy Rivas,
1961). It is said that the Toltecs founded the town that is now Ilopango, and then gave the same name to the lake.
According to the Glossary PREPAC inventory methodology (2004), this body of water lake maintains its ranking. It is located 13.0 km. east of the city of San Salvador at an altitude of 449 m (MARN, 2000). It is located in the cantons
of La Palma, El Sauce, St. Augustine, Buena Vista, Cujuapa, San Antonio, San José Costa Rica, Soledad Flores, San
José Mountain, San Antonio Panchimilama, Candelaria, Shaltipa, Joya Grande, Shangallo and Dolores Apulo;
between the cities of Soyapango, San Martin, Ilopango, San Marcos, Santo Tomas, Santiago Texacuangos,
Cojutepeque, San Pedro Perulapán, Michapa Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Analquito, San Emigdio, San Francisco
Chinameca and San Miguel Tepezontes, in the Departments of San Salvador, Cuscatlán and La Paz. The geographical
coordinates where the team geographically referenced the body of water are 13º41’53.9 “North Latitude and
89º4’44.4″ West Longitude.
Physical data of Lake Ilopango:
This volcanic lake is located in the life zone Sub-Tropical Rain Forest, which constitutes 85.6% of the land area,
which stretches from the volcanic chain to the coastal plains where there is a predominance of alluvial soils; whereas
in the volcanic chain, central plateau and interior valleys can be found regosols soils formed by recent volcanic ash.
Typical plant species in this life zone are: Ceiba (Ceiba pentandra), Maquilishuat (Tabebuia rosea), Real Cedro (Cedrela fissilis), Salamo (Calycophyllum candidissimum) pacún (Sapindus saponaria), Laurel (Cordia alliodora)
Chilamate ( Sapium pedicellatum) madrecacao (Gliricidia) Aceituno (Simaruba glauca), Conacaste (Enterolobium
cyclocarpum), white Conacaste (Albizzia caribaea), Cecropia (Cecropia peltata) and River Almond (Andira inermis)
and others (Reyna et al., 1996 ). This lake has a water surface of 72.5 Km.² basin with an area of 250 Km.²; It has an
average depth of 240 meters and a maximum depth of 500 meters. The surface water temperatures range 26º to 31º
C (MARN, 2000). Its altitude is estimated at 450 m.s.n.m.