Included Travel amazon  -5 days:

• A professional naturalist tour guide travel ;
• Transportation by motorboat travel in the river tambopata;
• Transportation in private vehicle for the trip;
• Entrance to the Peru travel tour Reserve;
• Food of each day for the . Meals: 4x breakfast, 4x lunch, 4x dinner and drinking water (Note:
• vegetarian option upon request at no additional cost);
• Lodging in our Amazon lodge: 4 nights in the Lodge;
• First aid kit, including poison extractor, mosquito bite treatment, and snake bite antidot in the travel ;
• radio communications in the travel ;
• a Rubber boots for trekking .

Not included in the Travel – 5 days:

• Any flight or airport departure tax ;
• Vaccination during the travel ;
• Breakfast the first day and dinner the last day  in the tour ;
• drinks in the jungle travel ;
• Tips to local staff in trips amazon .

What to take with you tour amazon  -5 days:

• bring with you Mosquito repellent (DEET 35 recommended as MINIMUM!!) before the travel,
• bring with you to travel your original passport,
• a Small travel backpack,
• Long-sleeved cotton shirts (preferably green) hiking in travel ,
• Long cotton pants for travel,
• Long cotton socks (to put on pants),
• Comfortable shoes to walk during the exploration on the travel  tour,
• Sandals or light shoes to take a refreshing bath during the travel on the boat,
• Rain gear (for example, rain poncho) Bring for travel in rainy season,
• Sweater (only for the beginning of the tour in the Andes and the cloud forest),
• Swimwear;
• Binoculars (we also rent it) Necessary to bring during the travel observing along the river,
• Camera and its charger to charge ,
• Plastic bags for clothing and a camera to cover during the travel,
• A hat as protection against the sun or rain ,
• Toiletries,
• Small towel,
• Toilet paper,
• antibacterial gel,
• sunscreen,
• Sunglasses Necessary to bring for the travel,
• A Flashlight (with spare bulb and batteries) For the travel,
• A bottle of water (1 liter minimum),
• Bring  with you in the travel a Pocket money (Soles) to buy some drinks and souvenirs as well as to give tips.

 TRAVEL  AMAZON BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS AND THEIR ENEMIE :

Stories of fairies and angels could have been born of the most beautiful insects: butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Behind the myth and beauty lies a biology marvellous and near-miraculous but at the same time somewhat sinister. Lepidoptera

metamorphose from larva to pupa to adult, so the first phase of life is spent as a caterpillar. Its sole purpose is to accumulate enough food and energy to complete pupation, making it little more than an ‘eating machine’.

Caterpillars generally feed only on one or two plant species in this amazon  Travel . They specialise because most rainforest plants produce toxic, sticky or indigestible substances which deter herbivorous insects. So as not to starve, the caterpillar has counter-measures – an array of toxin-neutralising enzymes.

But these are expensive on energy so the caterpillar can make only limited quantities. It just can’t make enough enzymes to neutralize the defences of more than a few different plants. As one plant evolves in the amazon travel greater defences,

the caterpillar must produce more and more enzymes to deal with it. Inevitably, the caterpillar evolves to become increasingly specialized to feed from one or two plants in this amazon  , creating a natural arms race between the plant and caterpillar.

Species  Amazon Rainforest Travel.

Such runaway coevolution is believed to be an important speciation-promoting mechanism. In terms of diversity they live in amazon holiday travel, Lepidoptera rank about equal with Hymenoptera, with about 100,000 described species in amazon  travel.

As the caterpillar munches away out in the open, it cannot help leaving evidence of its activities. These eventually catch the watchful eye of a bird or predator. Now begins the second arms race, as the caterpillar tries to avoid becoming a meal itself. Two basic strategies are used.

Lying is one strategy, more properly called mimicry: relying on the victim deceiving a curious predator. Mimicking species copy a particular natural object. Many look like twigs. Other species mimic parts of bigger animals in rainforest amazon.

One species of moth caterpillar resembles the whole head of a snake complete with wiggling tongue-like appendage. To get a meal their predators must become in this travel have more option .

Prom Santarem in Brazil, Bates collected Pelopaeus fistularis, a ‘large black and yellow wasp with a remarkably long and narrow waist’. He goes on to describe how this solitary better and better at spotting deception. To avoid detection the caterpilla

r must become more and more like the object it mimics – an epitome of the art of camouflage in the eternal battle between hunter and hunted. This  travel Aamazonia  Some caterpillar species opt for a second strategy by using poison and bright warning colours

to defend themselves, often acquiring their toxins from the host plant. Rather than starve, predators evolve ways to deal with poisons so, in turn, the caterpillar becomes ever more poisonous. Moving into the realms of chemical warfare, this arms race carries .

Pradice Amazon Peru travel .

on as each species stakes its survival on the next generation improving on the last. Although clearly a haven of fascinating chemical developments, little research is devoted to the properties of the insect pharmacopoeias. Out in the open, butterflies or mariposas

and moths are again targets. Now we have aerial warfare. Mimicry, using spots creating the image of a bird’s eye, is a common defence. Caligo spp have owl’s eyes emblazoned on their wings’ underside and the hairy thorax mimics the owl’s beak.

A particular form of mimicry is when a non-poisonous butterfly has almost the exact appearance of another related but genuinely toxic species. First discovered among Amazonian insects by Bates, Batesian mimicry is particularly widespread among butterflies and moths.

Moths have also entered the ‘arms race’ with their main enemy. Bats emit sound clicks to detect their environment at night and of course to hunt slow- flying aerial insects. Some poisonous butterflies actually emit a warning click to announce their unpalatability.

How do non-poisonous moths protect themselves? When tiny hairs on the moth detect air vibrated by the bat’s click, the moth instantly drops from the sky, beyond the bat’s flight path. You can probably guess the scenario as the bat’s sonar gets better and better.

It’s one explanation for why bats have such huge ears. Who knows the end result of this life-and-death struggle? One thing is certain. As long as plants and caterpillars, butterflies, moths and their predators exist, nature’s ‘arms race’ will continue growing in this amazon  travel .

Short Description of the  Insect in the Rainforest .

INSECTS: Insect are by far the most abundant and diverse group of creature in the tropical rainforest. they are pollinators , parasites ,recyclers , farmers protectors , builders ,wood –borers mimics ,assassins , singers , aerial

acrobats, burrowers , etc. and everyone visiting tambopata will encounter many different kinds We still know very little about most insect ecology or indeed how many species even exist